Noofambar 14, 2025, waxay xuseysaa maalinta 19-aad ee Qaramada Midoobay Maalinta Sonkorowga, iyadoo halkudhigga xayaysiisku yahay "Sonkorowga iyo ladnaanta". Waxay xooga saaraysaa in hagaajinta tayada nolosha ee dadka macaanka qaba laga dhigo xudunta adeegyada daryeelka caafimaadka sonkorowga, taasoo u sahlaysa bukaanada inay ku raaxaystaan nolol caafimaad qabta.
Caalamka, ku dhawaad 589 milyan oo qaangaar ah (da'doodu u dhaxayso 20-79) ayaa qaba cudurka macaanka, taasoo ka dhigan 11.1% (1kii 9) ee kooxdan da'dan. Ilaa 252 milyan oo qof (43%) ayaan la aqoonsanin, kuwaas oo wajahaya khatar sare oo dhibaatooyin ah. Tirada dadka qaba xanuunka macaanka ayaa la saadaalinayaa inay kor u kacdo 853 milyan marka la gaadho 2050, korodhka 45%.
Etiology iyo Noocyada Caafimaadka ee Sonkorowga
Sonkorowga waa taxane cillado dheef-shiid kiimikaad ah oo ku lug leh sonkorta, borotiinka, baruurta, biyaha, iyo electrolytes, oo ay sababaan arrimo kala duwan oo cudur-sidaha ah sida arrimaha hidde-sideyaasha, cilladaha hab-dhiska difaaca, caabuqyada microbial-ka iyo suntooda, sunta xagjirka ah ee xorta ah, iyo arrimaha maskaxda ee jirka ku shaqeeya. Arrimahani waxay horseedaan daciifnimo shaqada jasiiradda, iska caabbinta insulin, iwm. Caafimaad ahaan, waxaa lagu gartaa ugu horrayn hyperglycemia. Kiisaska caadiga ah waxay la imaan karaan polyuria, polydipsia, polyphagia, iyo miisaan lumis, oo loo yaqaan calaamadaha "saddexda polys iyo hal khasaaro". Waxa caafimaad ahaan loo kala saaray nooca 1-aad ee macaanka, nooca 2-aad ee macaanka, macaanka uurka, iyo noocyada kale ee macaanka ee gaarka ah.
Baadhitaanada ogaanshaha Sonkorowga
Islet autoantibodies waa calaamado burburka difaaca-dhexdhexaadiyaha ah ee unugyada β-pancreatic waana tilmaamayaasha ugu muhiimsan ee lagu ogaanayo cudurka macaanka ee autoimmune. Glutamic acid decarboxylase antibodies (GAD), tyrosine phosphatase antibodies (IA-2A), unugyada difaaca insulin (IAA), iyo unugyada difaaca jirka ee islet cell (ICA) ayaa ah calaamado difaac oo muhiim u ah ogaanshaha kiliinikada ee cudurka macaanka.
Daraasado badan ayaa muujiyay in ogaanshaha la isku daray ay wanaajin karto heerka ogaanshaha cudurka macaanka ee autoimmune. Markasta oo ay bataan tirada unugyada difaaca ee togan ee hore u jooga, waa ay badanaysaa khatarta ah in qofku si degdeg ah ugu socdo cudurka macaanka.
Cilmi baaris ayaa tilmaamaysa:
Shakhsiyaadka leh saddex ama ka badan oo difaaca jirka ah waxay leeyihiin> 50% khatarta ah inay ku dhacaan nooca 1-aad ee sonkorowga 5 sano gudahood.
Shakhsiyaadka leh laba unugyada difaaca jirka waxay leeyihiin 70% khatarta ah inay ku dhacaan nooca 1-aad ee sonkorowga 10 sano gudahood, 84% 15 sano gudahood, iyo ku dhawaad 100% waxay u gudbaan nooca 1-aad ee sonkorowga ka dib 20 sano oo dabagal ah.
Shakhsiyaadka leh hal antibody togan waxay kaliya 14.5% halis ugu jiraan inay qaadaan cudurka macaanka ee Nooca 1 ah 10 sano gudahood.
Ka dib marka ay soo baxaan unugyada difaaca jirka, heerka horumarka Nooca 1 ee sonkorowga wuxuu la xiriiraa noocyada unugyada difaaca jirka, da'da muuqaalka antibody, jinsiga, iyo HLA genotype.
Beier Waxay Bixisaa Tijaabooyin Dhamaystiran oo Cudurka Sonkorowga
Hababka taxanaha badeecada sonkorowga Beier waxaa ka mid ah Chemiluminescence Immunoassay (CLIA) iyo Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay (ELISA). Ogaanshaha isku dhafan ee biomarkers waxay caawisaa daahfurka hore, maaraynta caafimaadka hore, iyo daawaynta hore ee sonkorowga, taas oo hagaajinaysa tusmooyinka caafimaadka aadanaha.
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| Magaca Alaabta |
| 1 | Qalabka Baaritaanka Unug-Islet-ka-hortagga unugga (ICA) (CLIA) / (ELISA) |
| 2 | Ka-hortagga insulin-ka-hortagga (IAA) Qalabka baaritaanka (CLIA) / (ELISA) |
| 3 | Glutamic Acid Decarboxylase Antibody (GAD) Qalabka Qiimaynta (CLIA) / (ELISA) |
| 4 | Tirosine Phosphatase Antibody (IA-2A) Qalabka Qiimaynta (CLIA) / (ELISA) |
Tixraacyo:
1. Bulshada Sonkorowga Shiinaha, Ururka Dhakhaatiirta Caafimaadka Shiinaha Laantiisa Dhakhaatiirta Endocrinologist, Bulshada Shiinaha ee Endocrinology, et al. Tilmaamaha ogaanshaha iyo daawaynta nooca 1-aad ee sonkorowga Shiinaha (daabacaadda 2021) [J]. Joornaalka Shiinaha ee Sonkorowga Mellitus, 2022, 14 (11): 1143-1250. DOI: 10.3760/cma.j.cn115791-20220916-00474.
2. Ururka Dhakhaatiirta Haweenka Shiinaha ee Ururka Dhakhaatiirta Sonkorowga, Guddiga Tafatirka ee Maareynta Maareynta Caafimaadka Shiinaha, Mu'asasada Horumarinta Caafimaadka Shiinaha. Fikradda khubarada ee baaritaanka iyo faragelinta dadka khatarta sare leh ee cudurka macaanka ee Shiinaha. Wargeyska Shiinaha ee Maareynta Caafimaadka, 2022, 16 (01): 7-14. DOI: 10.3760/cma.j.cn115624-20211111-00677.
Waqtiga boostada: Nov-17-2025